Lengkuas geting
| Lengkuas geting | |
| Scientific Name | Alpinia conchigera Griff. |
| Family | Zingiberaceae |
| Synonyms | Languas conchigera (Griffith) Burkill |
| Common Name | Lengkuas ranting, Lesser Alpina, Lengkuas ranting, lengkuas kecil, lengkuas padang, Cengkenam, Khaa ling (Thailand). |
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{slider=Geographical & Distribution}
Widely caultivated in Peninsula Malaysia, China, India, Thailand and Indonesia.
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{slider=Plant Material of Interest}
In some states of Peninsular Malaysia the rhizomes are consumed as a post-partum medicine and the young shoots are prepared into a vegetable dish The rhizome is used as a condiment in the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia and occa- sionally in folk medicine in the east coast to treat fungal infections.
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{slider=General Appearances}
The is a herbaceous perennial, 2 to 5 ft. height. This species is semi-wild, common in open wet grounds such as edges of rice fields, streams as well as under the shade of palm oil and rubber trees. Slender rhizome. Leaves are oblong with size 15-30 cm x 4-8 cm. Margin. The petiole is about 5mm long. The flowers are small up to 1.5 cm long. Fruit is globular, pink, size 8mm.(1).
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{slider=Chemical Contituents}
Fruit: nonacosane, β-sitosterol,10-acetoxychavicolacetate and10-acetoxyeugenolacetate.
Fruits:Flavoka- win B, b-sitosterol, stigmasterol,alpinetin,(3S,5S)-trans-3,5-dihy-droxy-1,7-diphenyl-1-heptene, b-D-fructopyranose, b-D-fructo-furanose, and2-O-Me b-D-fructofuranose
Aqueous layer obtained from the hydro- distillation of the fresh rhizomes of Alpinia conchigera Griff. Phenyl propanoids:chavicolacetate,10-hydroxychavi- colacetate,4-acetoxycinnamyl alcohol and 4-acetoxycinnamyl acetate
From the n-hexane and DCM extracts of the dried rhizomes. Five diarylheptanoids: 1,7-diphenyl-3,5-heptanedione, 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-3-hepta- none, 5-hydroxy-7-(40-hydroxy-30-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3 hep- tanone,1,7-diphenylhept-4-en-3-oneand7-(40-hydroxy-30- methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one and two flavonoids: 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavoneand 3,5,7-trihydroxy-40-methoxyflavone.
Rhizome: b-sitosterol, stigmasterol and three flavonoids: cardamomin, alpinetin and naringenin5-Meether
The methanolic extract of the rhizomes resulted with b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, cardamomin, chalconar- ingenin 20-O-Me ether,alpinetin,andnaringenin5-O-Meether The essential oil contens were: α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, B-phellan-drene, myrcene, α-terpene, p-cymene, thujone, citronella, camphor, β-terpineol, terpinyl acetate, geraniol, farnesol, nerolidol, eugenol and thymol.
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{slider=Traditional Uses}
To treat skin disease such as “panau” dan kurap Gungus infection. Liquid from the rhizome to affected area. To treat infection and rashes, and as a health drink.
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{slider=Pharmacology}
The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities
The effects of ethanol extract of A. conchigera rhizomes in mice and rats: The analgesic activity was elucidated using the acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, and formalin test, while the anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan-induced paw edema. The extract (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally (i.p.) exhibited antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in all tests used. The range of percentage of analgesia obtained for all doses of extract in the writhing test was 50-92%, and in the early and late phases of the formalin test was 25-62% and 63-98%, respectively. In addition, naloxone (5 mg/kg) given subcutaneously (s.c.) was found to reverse the extract (300 mg/kg)-induced antinociceptive activity in the writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests. The ethanol extract of A. conchigera rhizomes possessed a peripheral and central antinociceptive activity that was mediated, in part, via the opioid receptor, as well as anti-inflammatory activity.
10S-10- acetoxychavicol acetateand10S-10-acetoxyeugenol acetate obtained from Alpinia conchigera were found to induce apoptosis in oral squamous carcinomacells(HSC-4) andhuman breast cancer cells(MCF-7),respectively (Awang etal.,2010; Hasima et al.,2010). Ibrahim etal.(2009) communicated the essentialoil.
The DCM extract of the rhizome of Alpinia conchigera indicated potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Microsporumcanis and Trycophytonrubrum with MIC values of 625 mg/ml, 156 mg/ml and 156 mg/ml,respectively.It also showed significant inhibitory activity with MIC values between 17.88 and 35.75 mg/ml against the mutant Staphylococci isolatesMSSA,MRSAandSa7. Amongst the isolated compounds,the lowest inhibition observed were of 10S-10-acetoxyeugenol against thedermatophytes(MIC313 mg/ml)followed by trans-p-coumaryldiacetateagainstboth dermatophytesandcandida(MIC625 mg/ml).The compound p-hydroxycinnamylacetate strongly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus strainVISA(MIC39 mg/ml) followedby trans-p-coumaryldiacetate and 10-hydroxychavicol acetate with MIC value of 156 mg/ml.
Gastroprotective effects
It was found that the methanolic extract (1.56–50 mg/kg, p.o.) of A. conchigera significantly inhibited gastric mucosal lesions induced by ethanol, 0.6 M HCl, and indomethacin (p<0.01) with ED50 values of 2.7, 9.8, and 16.5 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. The reference drug, omeprazole (10–100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the gastric mucosal damage produced by ethanol, 0.6 M HCl, and indomethacin (p<0.01) with ED50 values of 10.4, 41.6, and 3.4 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. In addition, capsaicin (2.5–40 mg/kg, p.o.) also markedly inhibited gastric mucosal lesions induced by ethanol and indomethacin (p<0.01) with ED50 values of 3.2 and 12.5 mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. However, capsaicin (10-50 mg/kg, p.o.) did not show a significant effect on 0.6 M HCl induced gastric lesions. Furthermore, The gastroprotection of the methanolic extract on ethanol-induced gastric damage was attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c.) and N-ethylmaleimide (10 mg/kg, s.c.).These results suggest that the methanolic extract of A. conchigera prevents gastric mucosal injury induced by these necrotizing agents, at least in part, by mechanisms that involve endogenous prostaglandins and sulfhydryl compounds.
Antibacterial Activity:
Alpina conchigera is important source of various compounds with antibacterial activities (Bashudeb T. et al. 2013).
Cytotoxic Activity:
Crude methanolic extract of A. conchigera Griff showed cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii and calculated LC50 and LC90 value was 6.1 ug/ml and 12.2 ug/ml respectively (Saha D. & S. Paul, 2012). Cytotoxic
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{slider=Reference}
Ahmad NazifAziz a, HalijahIbrahim b, DeviRosmySyamsir b, MasturaMohtar c, Jaya Vejayan d, KhalijahAwang (2013) Antimicrobialcompoundsfrom Alpiniaconchigera Journal of Ethnopharmacology 145 (2013) 798–802.
Bashudeb T., J. Ara., A. Walliullah, M. Shawkat Ali, D. R. Chowdhury (2013). Phytochemical Screening and Antivacterial Activity of the Rhizomes of Alpina conchigera. The Experiment, 13 (1) Pg 829-833. http://experimentjournal.com/ expadmin/pdf_files/exp_13.1_829-833.pdf
Pongpiriyadacha Y., P. Nuansrithong, O. Chumbuajan, N. Sirintharawech & D. Chantip (2008). Gastroprotective Effects of the Extract from Alpina conchigera Griff. Rats and The Possible Mechanism. KMITL Sc J., 8 (2).
Saha D. & S. Paul, 2012. Cytotoxic activity of Methanolic Extract of Alpinia conchigera Griff (Family: Zingiberaceae). Asian J. Pharm. Res., 2 (2). Pg 86-88.
Sulaiman MR, Zakaria ZA, Mohamad AS, Ismail M, Hidayat MT, Israf DA, Adilius M. (2010)Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extract of Alpinia conchigera rhizomes in various animal models.Pharm Biol 48 (8)
http://wannura. wordpress. com/ 2010/02/01/lengkuas-geting-lesser-alpinia-alpinia-conchigera/lengkuas-geting/ (1)
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