Jeruju

{slider=Traditional Uses}

The plants ere used to treat cancer, hepatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenophathy, asthma, gastric. Leaves , seeds and roots used as vermifuge. Leaves are used to treat rheumatism. Whole plant to treat kidney stone.(11)

A decoction of the plant is used in dyspepsia. It is also considered to be a diuretic and is used as a cure for dropsy and bilious swellings. The plant is reported to be used in asthma. The leaves are expectorant, employed as an emollient fomentation in rheumatism and neuralgia. The leaves and tender shoot are used in snake bite. The root is expectorant and used in asthma. This when boiled in milk is used in leucorrhoea and general debility.

The plant is used for dyspepsia, paralysis, and asthma. The leaves are reported to be used in headache, rheumatism, and in skin diseases. Leaves and shoots are used as antidote in snake bite(Gupta 2004)

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{slider=Pharmacology}

Antiinflammatory:

The methanolic fraction of A. ilicifolius leaf extract produced significant inhibition of rat paw edema when administered both prior to and after carrageenan administration, in a manner similar to BW755C, a synthetic cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase inhibitor. The extract decreased protein exudation and leukocyte migration in the peritoneal fluid, thereby indicating its effectiveness towards inhibiting peritoneal inflammation. It also produced significant inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and lipooxygenase activity. Preincubation of the extract inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Kumar KT MS et al 2008).

Anti leishmanial Activity

2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) isolated from the leaves revealed in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani. No mortality was observed in mice when BOA was administered (i.p.) in the doses ranging from 0.25-1 g/kg. The LC₅₀ value for BOA was found to be 40 μg/ml and compared well with pentamidine (Kapil A et al 1994).

Osteoblastic Activity:

A coumaric acid derivative called acancifoliuside was isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves. Its effects were tested on the functions of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. It increased the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts significantly, indicating that A. ilicifolius leaves may help to prevent osteoporosis (Van Kiem P et al 2008).

Hepatoprotective activity

The oral administration of the alcoholic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly reduced CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats as judged from the serum and tissue activity of marker enzymes. The results were comparable with those obtained with curcumin 100 mg/kg,p.o (Babu BH et al 2001)

Anti cancer Activity:

Alcoholic extract of A. ilicifolius (250, 500 mg/kg body weight) was found to be effective against tumor progression and carcinogen-induced skin papilloma
formation in mice. The extract was found to be cytotoxic towards lung fibroblasts (L-929) cells in 72 h MTT assay, and the concentration required for 50% cell death was 18 μg/ml. Oral administration of the extract (500 mg/ kg body wt) reduced the tumor volume, and administration of the same concentration increased the life span by 75% in ascites tumor harboring animals. The extract also significantly delayed the onset of dimethylbenzanthrazene/croton oil-induced skin papilloma in mice in a dose-dependent manner (Babu BH et al 2002).

Anti ulcer Activity

The anti-ulcer activity of methanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius leaves (MEAI) was investigated in pylorus ligation and ethanol-induced wistar models in wistar albino rats. In both models, common parameter determined was the ulcer index. MEAI at doses of 100, 20 mg/kg body weight produced significant inhibition of gastric lesions induced by pylorus ligation and ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. The extract showed significant reduction in the gastric volume, free acidity, and ulcer index as compared to control. This suggests leaf methanolic extracts were found to possess anti-ulcerogenic as well as ulcer healing properties, which might be due to anti-secretary activity (Nizamuddin BS, 2011).

Anti microbial Activity

study revealed that the alcoholic and chloroform extract of the leaves exhibited strong inhibitory action against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus niger and moderate inhibitory action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris (Bose S et al 2008).

The anti-microbial activity of crude extract against bacterial and fungal pathogens showed the clear inhibition zone against Vibrio cholerae and Aspergillus niger, and aqueous extracts showed clear inhibition zone for Psuedomonas sp. and Candida albicans Thirunavukkarasu P, et al 2011

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{slider=Reference}

Babu BH, Sylesh BS, Padikkala J. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Acanthus ilicifolius. Fitoterapia. 2001;72:272–7.

Babu BH, Sylesh BS, Padikkala J. Tumour reducing and anticarcinogenic activity of Acanthus ilicifolius in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79:27–33.

Bose S, Bose A. Antimicrobial activity of Acanthus ilicifolius. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2008;70:821–3.

Gupta AK, Tandon N, Sharma M. Reviews on Indian medicinal plants Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi. 2004:127–31.

Kapil A, Sharma S, Wahidulla S. Leishmanicidal activity of 2-benzoxazolinone from Acanthus ilicifolius in vitro. Planta Med. 1994;60:187–8.

Mani Senthil Kumar KT, Gorain B, Roy DK, Samanta SK, Pal M, Biswas P, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of Acanthus ilicifolius. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008;120:7–12

Nizamuddin BS, Danamma B, Chitta S, Mohd D, Abdul M. Evaluation of antiulcer activity in the methanol extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves in experimental rats. Int J Pharm Ind Res. 2011;1:57–62.

Singh D. & V. Aeri (2013) Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Acanthus ilicifolius J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013 Jan-Mar; 5(1): 17–20.

Thirunavukkarasu P, Ramathan T, Ramkumar L. Hemolytic and antimicrobial effect in the leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius. J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2011;6:196–200.

Van Kiem P, Quang TH, Huong TT, Nhung le LT, Cuong NX, Van Minh C, et al. Chemical constituents of Acanthus ilicifolius L. and effect on osteoblastic MC3T3E1 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2008;31:823–9.

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