Bangun Bangun

Bangun Bangun
Scientific Name	Plectranthus amboinuicus (Lour.) Spreng
Order	Lamiales
Family	Lamiaceae
Synonyms	Coleus amboinicus Lour., Coleus aromaticus Benth
Common Name	Indian mint, Indian Borage, Spanish thyme (English), Daun bangun bangun (Malay), Karpuravalli (Tamil)
Plant Material of Interest	The herb is used as a substitute for oregano in the food trade and food labelled "oregano-flavoured" may well contain this herb. The leaves are strongly flavoured and make an excellent addition to stuffings for meat and poultry. It is also used as a vegetable, for example in South East Asia (Wikipedia).

{slider=Description}
It is a large succulent herb, fleshy and highly aromatic, much branched, possessing short soft erect hairs, with distinctive smelling leaves (Kaliappan et al., 2008). The stem is fleshy, about 30–90 cm, either with long rigid hairs (hispidly villous) or tomentose (densely covered with soft, short and erect hairs, pubescent). Leaves are undivided (simple), broad, egg/oval-shaped with a tapering tip (ovate) and very thick, they are pubescent (thickly studded with hairs), with the lower surface possessing the most numerous glandular hairs, giving a frosted appearance. The taste of this leaf is pleasantly aromatic with agreeable and refreshing odour. Flowers are on a short stem (shortly pedicelled), pale purplish in dense whorls at distant intervals in a long slender raceme.
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{slider=Geographical & Distribution}
Native to African and widely cultivated in Asia.
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{slider= General Appearance}
It is commonly grown as a potted plant. It is fast growing plant and propagate through stem cuttings.
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{slider=Traditional Uses}
The plant is cultivated in home-gardens throughout India for use in traditional medicine, being used to treat malarial fever, hepatopathy, renal and vesical calculi, cough, chronic asthma, hiccough, bronchitis, helminthiasis, colic, convulsions, and epilepsy (Kaliappan et al., 2008).  Indian traditional practitioner applies the plant for skin ulcerations, scorpion bite, skin allergy, wounds, diarrhoea.  The leaves also being used as a hepatoprotective, to promote liver health Shenoy et al., 2012). In Indonesia, P. amboinicus is a traditional food used in soup to stimulate lactation for the month or so following childbirth. It is also used to treat fevers by Asian and South American (Morton, 1992; Harsha et al., 2002) and in Brazil the plant extract is used to treat skin ulcerations caused by Leishmania braziliensis (Franca et al., 1992). The juice of the leaves is also used by the Indians to treat skin allergies (Harsha et al., 2003).
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{slider=Chemical Constituents}
Plant: 2alpha,3alpha,19alpha,23-Tetrahydroxyursolic-Acid,  2alpha,3alpha-Dihydroxyoleanolic-Acid, Alpha-Thujene,  Crategolic-Acid , Euscaphic-Acid ,Kilocalories ,Tomentic-Acid, Ursolic-Acid , Oleanolic-Acid
Leaf: Ascorbic-Acid , Ash, Beta-Carotene , Calcium , Carbohydrates ,Chrysoeriol ,Fat ,Fiber,  Iron , Niacin ,Oxalic-Acid,Phosphorus, Pomolic-Acid, Protein ,Riboflavin ,Thiamin ,Water Essential Oil: Carvacrol (1)
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{slider=Pharmacology}
Pharmacological properties of Plectranthus amboinuicus Antineoplastic Effects Aqueous extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus leaves at a dose of 200 mg / kg (intraperitoneally) produced antineoplastic effect in ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma. (Brando E.M et al 2013).
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{slider=Analgesic and anti-inflammatory}
Aqueous extract from P. amboinicus inhibited pain induced by acetic acid and formalin, and inflammation induced by carrageenan (Chiu Y.J. et al.,2012). Diuretic Activities The diuretic properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were evaluated by determination of urine volume and electrolyte concentration in male albino rats. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts (500 mg/kg) have shown significant increase in the volume of urine and urinary concentration of Na, K and Cl ions (Patel R. et al, 2010).

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{slider=References}

1. Brandao E.M., P.H.D.M. Brandao, I.A. Souza, G.S. Paiva, M.de C. Carvalho & C.M. Lacerda (2013). Antineoplastic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Plectranthus amboinicus in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma. J. Cancer ,4 (7) Pg 573-576.
2. Buznego, M.T. and Perez-Saad, H. 1999. Antiepileptic effect of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Revista de Neurologia 29:229-32.  
3. Chiu Y.J., T.H. Huang, C.S. Chiu, T.C. Lu, Y.W. Chen, W.H. Peng and C.Y. Chen (2012) Analgesic and Antiinflammory Activities of the Aqueous extract from Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ ecam/ 2012/508137/
4. Deena, M. J., Sreeranjini, K. and Thoppil, J. E. 2002 . Antimicrobial screening of essential oils of Coleus aromaticus and Coleus zeylanicus. International Journal of Aromatherapy 12: 105-107.
5. Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Botanical Databases (1
6. Eduardo M. Brandao, Paulo H. D. M. Brandao, Ivone A. Souza, Gerson S. Paiva, Marcos de C. Carvalho, Claudio M. Lacerda. 2013. Antineoplasic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Plectranthus Amboinicus in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma. Journal of Cancer 4(7): 573-576.
7. Kaliappan, N. D., Periyanayagam K. V. 2008. Pharmacognostical studies on the leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng. International Journal of Green Pharmacy 2(3): 182-4.
8. Koti, B. C., Aparna Gore, A. H. M., Thippeswamy, A. H. M., Viswanatha Swamy, and Rucha Kulkarni.2011. Alcoholic leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus regulates carbohydrate metabolism in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 43(3): 286-290.
9. Kumaran, A. and R.J. Karunakaran. 2006. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry 97: 109-114.
10. Patel R., N.K. Mahobia, R. Gendle, B. Kaushik & S. K. Singh (2010). Diuretic activity of Leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng in male albino rats. Pharmacognosy Res. 2(2), 86-88.
11. Perumal, G., Subramanyam, C., Natrajan, D., Srinivasan, K., Mohanasundari, C. and Prabakar, K. 2004. Antifungal activities of traditional medicinal plant extracts: A preliminary survey. Journal of  Phytological  Research 17:81-3.
12. Shenoy, Smita, et al., 2012. Hepatoprotective activity of Plectranthus amboinicus against paracetamol hepatotoxicity in rats. International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Sciences 1(2): 32-8.
13. Yung-Jia Chiu, Tai-Hung Huang, Chuan-Sung Chiu, Tsung-Chun Lu, Ya-Wen Chen, Wen-Huang Peng, Chiu-Yuan Chen. 2012. Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Activities of the Aqueous Extract from Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Pp. 1-11.
14. Manuscript prepared by Manorenjitha Malar a/p Sivanathan
    

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